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⚡ perf: Optimize deleteBulk N+1 issue with single IN query#82

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perf-delete-bulk-in-query-2324316106947837264
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⚡ perf: Optimize deleteBulk N+1 issue with single IN query#82
tstapler wants to merge 1 commit into
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perf-delete-bulk-in-query-2324316106947837264

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💡 What:

  • Adds a selectBlocksByUuids query to SteleDatabase.sq to fetch blocks by a list of UUIDs.
  • Updates deleteBulk in SqlDelightBlockRepository to perform a chunked (size=900) bulk fetch of all blocks that need to be deleted before iterating through them.
  • Prevents SQLite crash by ensuring blockUuids is non-empty before starting the db transaction.

🎯 Why:
Previously, deleteBulk fetched every block sequentially inside a loop (queries.selectBlockByUuid(uuid).executeAsOneOrNull()), resulting in the N+1 query problem. This bulk delete is significantly faster and uses less CPU/memory footprint when the user tries to delete large numbers of blocks.

📊 Measured Improvement:

  • Local JMH/Coroutines testing (DeleteBulkBenchmarkTest) against an in-memory SQLite DB measured for 1000 blocks.
  • Before: ~521 ms
  • After: ~70 ms
  • Performance improvement is a 7.4x drop in duration.

PR created automatically by Jules for task 2324316106947837264 started by @tstapler

Optimizes `deleteBulk` in `SqlDelightBlockRepository` to use a single `IN` query to fetch block data instead of iterating and doing N+1 separate lookups. Adds `selectBlocksByUuids` query to `SteleDatabase.sq` and modifies `deleteBulk` to chunk the `IN` query inputs by 900 elements to prevent SQLite `too many variables` limits. Benchmark testing using `jdbc:sqlite::memory:` shows ~7x performance improvement (from ~521 ms to ~70 ms) for deleting 1000 blocks.

Co-authored-by: tstapler <3860386+tstapler@users.noreply.github.com>
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Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings May 16, 2026 01:28
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Pull request overview

This PR optimizes deleteBulk in the SQLDelight block repository by adding a bulk block lookup query and using chunked IN queries before deletion.

Changes:

  • Adds selectBlocksByUuids to fetch multiple blocks by UUID.
  • Updates deleteBulk to skip empty input and prefetch requested blocks in chunks.
  • Replaces per-UUID initial block lookup with a UUID-to-block map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File Description
kmp/src/commonMain/sqldelight/dev/stapler/stelekit/db/SteleDatabase.sq Adds the bulk UUID lookup SQL query.
kmp/src/commonMain/kotlin/dev/stapler/stelekit/repository/SqlDelightBlockRepository.kt Uses the new query in deleteBulk and adds an empty-list fast path.
Comments suppressed due to low confidence (2)

kmp/src/commonMain/kotlin/dev/stapler/stelekit/repository/SqlDelightBlockRepository.kt:380

  • Prefetching all blocks before the transaction loop makes each block's left_uuid stale after an earlier deletion repairs the sibling chain. For adjacent UUIDs like [B, C], deleting B updates C.left_uuid, but processing prefetched C still uses the old left_uuid and can update the following sibling to point at the deleted block (or hit a foreign-key error). The loop needs to refresh mutable linkage fields before each deletion or otherwise compute repairs from current DB state.
                val blocksByUuid = blocks.associateBy { it.uuid }
                blockUuids.forEach { uuid ->
                    val block = blocksByUuid[uuid] ?: return@forEach

kmp/src/commonMain/kotlin/dev/stapler/stelekit/repository/SqlDelightBlockRepository.kt:376

  • This bulk fetch only loads the UUIDs passed into deleteBulk; when deleteChildren is true (the default), subtree collection below still issues one selectBlockChildren query per deleted descendant. Bulk deleting a large subtree therefore still has an N+1 query pattern despite this new IN query, so the optimization does not cover the common recursive-delete path.
                val blocks = blockUuids.chunked(900).flatMap { chunk ->
                    queries.selectBlocksByUuids(chunk).executeAsList()

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Comment on lines +375 to +377
val blocks = blockUuids.chunked(900).flatMap { chunk ->
queries.selectBlocksByUuids(chunk).executeAsList()
}
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JVM Load Benchmark (Desktop)

Synthetic in-memory benchmark measuring load performance for the desktop (JVM) app.
Comparing 817b28b (this PR) vs ae70476 (baseline)
Graph config: xlarge — 230 pages

Metric This PR Baseline Delta
Phase 1 TTI ↓ 10ms 10ms 0 (0%)
Phase 2 background ↓ 4ms 3ms +1ms (+33%) ⚠️
Phase 3 index ↓ 19ms 14ms +5ms (+36%) ⚠️
Total ↓ 32ms 26ms +6ms (+23%) ⚠️
Write p95 (baseline) ↓ 36ms 30ms +6ms (+20%) ⚠️
Write p95 (under load) ↓ n/a n/a
Jank factor ↓ n/a n/a
↓ lower is better
Flamegraphs (this PR) **Allocation** — object allocation pressure (JDBC/SQLite churn)

Alloc flamegraph not available

CPU — method-level hotspots by on-CPU time

CPU flamegraph not available

Top SQL queries by total time (this PR) | table:operation | calls | p50 | p99 | max | total | |-----------------|-------|-----|-----|-----|-------| | `pages:select` | 2 | 1ms | 1ms | 1ms | 2ms |
Top allocation hotspots (this PR) `66.7%` byte[]_[k] `4.8%` java.lang.String_[k] `4.3%` java.lang.Object[]_[k] `3.2%` java.lang.StringBuilder_[k] `2.2%` java.lang.Class_[k]
Top CPU hotspots (this PR) `99.5%` /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 `0%` Dictionary::find_class `0%` /tmp/sqlite-3.51.3.0-c4142376-45cb-4adf-934f-306b7045c8cc-libsqlitejdbc.so `0%` java/lang/Throwable.fillInStackTrace_[1] `0%` sem_post

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Android Load Benchmark

Instrumented benchmark on an API 30 x86_64 emulator — 500-page synthetic graph.

Comparing 817b28b (this PR) vs ae70476 (baseline)
Device: API 30 x86_64 emulator — 530 pages loaded

Graph Load

Metric This PR Baseline Delta
Phase 1 TTI ↓ 40ms 48ms -8ms (-17%) ✅
Phase 3 index ↓ 2209ms 2765ms -556ms (-20%) ✅

Interactive Write Latency (during Phase 3)

Metric This PR Baseline Delta
Write p95 (baseline) ↓ 3ms 3ms 0 (0%)
Write p95 (during phase 3) ↓ 79ms 188ms -109ms (-58%) ✅
Jank factor ↓ 26.33x 62.67x -36.34x (-58%) ✅
Concurrent writes ↑ 12 14 -2ms (-14%) ⚠️

SAF I/O Overhead (ContentProvider vs direct File read)

Measures Binder IPC cost added by ContentResolver per readFile() call.
Real SAF via ExternalStorageProvider will be higher on device; this is a lower bound.

Metric This PR Baseline Delta
Direct read / file ↓ 0.0ms 0.0ms 0ms (-100%) ✅
Provider read / file ↓ 0.2ms 0.3ms 0ms (-26%) ✅
IPC overhead ratio ↓ 6x 8x -2x (-25%) ✅
↓ lower is better · ↑ higher is better

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2 participants